Transformasi Pemikiran Akhlak Islam dari Fase Yunani Hingga Era Modern: Kajian Historis-Filosofis

Abstract

Islamic moral thought has undergone continuous transformation throughout history in response to its encounter with various civilizations. The current phenomenon of global moral crises, characterized by individualism, hedonism, and ethical relativism, highlights the urgency of re-examining Islamic ethics not merely as normative teachings but also as a dynamic philosophical discourse. This article aims to trace the development of Islamic moral thought from its interaction with Greek philosophy to the modern era and to analyze its relevance to contemporary life. The study employs a library research method with a historical-philosophical approach through the review of both classical and contemporary literature. The findings reveal that Islamic moral thought was initially influenced by Greek ethics, later adapted and enriched by Muslim thinkers such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and Ibn Miskawaih, further deepened into a spiritual dimension by Al-Ghazali, developed into a sociological perspective by Ibn Khaldun, and eventually reinterpreted in the modern era to remain relevant to the challenges of globalization. The implication of this study emphasizes that Islamic ethics possesses a high degree of flexibility, allowing it to be contextualized and to remain a strong moral foundation for building modern civilization.